Food test results

Pesticides found on spinach

Explore detected residues, tested samples and results over time.

1995–2016 · 10 tested years

Explore the data →Spinach — illustrative generated food image

Most commonly detected

Historical tests: 1995–2016. Each analyte uses its own tested count.

Mandipropamid68.1%963 / 1,415 tested
Permethrin trans63.8%1,500 / 2,352 tested
Permethrin cis63.3%1,489 / 2,352 tested

Detection frequency is not a health-risk ranking. Summary screen: at least 100 tests, 2 years and 10 detections.

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6,187samples
tested
86.2%had at least one detected residue
136different analytes detected

5,334 of 6,187 samples had a validated detection. Historical results, not a safety score.

Most commonly detected

Percent of samples actually tested for each analyte. Shown: at least 100 tests, 2 years and 10 detections.

963 / 1,415 testedView yearly tests →
1,500 / 2,352 testedView yearly tests →
1,489 / 2,352 testedView yearly tests →
2,097 / 3,800 testedView yearly tests →
733 / 1,415 testedView yearly tests →
View all tested analytes ↓

The tested count differs by analyte. A detection does not establish health risk.

Detection over time

Samples with at least one validated detection.

0%25%50%75%100%1995: 83.0%, 526 of 634 tested samples1996: 88.4%, 464 of 525 tested samples1997: 79.3%, 406 of 512 tested samples2002: 73.6%, 267 of 363 tested samples2003: 69.3%, 510 of 736 tested samples2006: 93.7%, 479 of 511 tested samples2008: 86.1%, 643 of 747 tested samples2009: 90.5%, 673 of 744 tested samples2015: 97.5%, 690 of 708 tested samples2016: 95.6%, 676 of 707 tested samples199520052016

10 tested years between 1995 and 2016. Gaps mean no validated tests in this release.

Read the yearly counts
Percentages use the samples actually tested in each year.
YearTestedDetectedRate
199563452683.0%
199652546488.4%
199751240679.3%
1998Not tested——
1999Not tested——
2000Not tested——
2001Not tested——
200236326773.6%
200373651069.3%
2004Not tested——
2005Not tested——
200651147993.7%
2007Not tested——
200874764386.1%
200974467390.5%
2010Not tested——
2011Not tested——
2012Not tested——
2013Not tested——
2014Not tested——
201570869097.5%
201670767695.6%
Testing panels and detection limits change. These observations do not establish a causal trend.

How many were detected?

Number of distinct analytes per tested sample.

0
853
1
1,312
2
1,154
3
735
4
510
5
364
6
302
7
210
8
189
9
119
10+
439

Labels show analytes; counts show samples. Metabolites and isomers remain separate. This is not a count of pesticide products applied.

Where samples came from

Origin recorded by USDA.

U.S. origin95.6% · 5,912
Imported4.0% · 245
Unknown origin0.5% · 30

Origin describes the sampled food. These shares do not compare countries’ residue levels.

All tested analytes

Zero detections here means tested with no validated detection. It does not describe analytes that were never tested.

Open 364 analyte results
Each rate has its own actual-tested denominator.
AnalyteTestedDetectedRateDetails
1-Naphthol85300.0%—
2,4,5-T74400.0%—
2,4-D74400.0%—
2,4-DB72200.0%—
3-Hydroxycarbofuran6,00740.1%—
4-Hydroxydiphenylamine13300.0%—
5-Hydroxythiabendazole42600.0%—
Acephate6,136971.6%Yearly results
Acetamiprid3,4142236.5%Yearly results
Acibenzolar S methyl1,78100.0%—
Alachlor1,39000.0%—
Aldicarb5,98100.0%—
Aldicarb sulfone5,03300.0%—
Aldicarb sulfoxide4,96200.0%—
Aldrin2,56300.0%—
Allethrin1,24500.0%—
Ametoctradin71640256.1%Yearly results
Ametryn1,27200.0%—
Anilazine34100.0%—
Atrazine4,519160.4%Yearly results
Azinphos ethyl74700.0%—
Azinphos methyl6,04140.1%—
Azinphos methyl oxygen analog90900.0%—
Azoxystrobin3,4142096.1%Yearly results
Bendiocarb3,41400.0%—
Benomyl1,13010.1%—
Benoxacor1,84100.0%—
Bentazon69900.0%—
Benthiavalicarb isopropyl69900.0%—
BHC alpha2,72000.0%—
BHC beta24800.0%—
BHC delta16000.0%—
Bifenazate1,12500.0%—
Bifenthrin4,0891483.6%Yearly results
Biphenyl69800.0%—
Bitertanol1,06200.0%—
Boscalid3,4143399.9%Yearly results
Bromacil90900.0%—
Bupirimate69900.0%—
Buprofezin2,82350.2%—
Butocarboxim69900.0%—
Butocarboxim sulfone69900.0%—
Butocarboxim sulfoxide69900.0%—
Butylate67400.0%—
Captafol1,09900.0%—
Captan2,65770.3%—
Carbaryl6,152190.3%Yearly results
Carbendazim (MBC)2,843100.4%Yearly results
Carbofuran6,00710.0%—
Carbophenothion1,56000.0%—
Carbophenothion methyl21000.0%—
Carboxin88400.0%—
Carfentrazone ethyl3,37400.0%—
Chlorantraniliprole1,41547833.8%Yearly results
Chlordane cis2,632130.5%Yearly results
Chlordane trans2,632100.4%Yearly results
Chlorethoxyfos99200.0%—
Chlorfenapyr1,41500.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos alpha16000.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos beta16000.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos total1,40000.0%—
Chlorothalonil2,992220.7%Yearly results
Chlorpropham6,15230.0%—
Chlorpyrifos6,1521782.9%Yearly results
Chlorpyrifos methyl16000.0%—
Chlorpyrifos oxygen analog1,82300.0%—
Clethodim71600.0%—
Clofentezine68400.0%—
Clomazone3,38900.0%—
Clopyralid74400.0%—
Clothianidin2,90351017.6%Yearly results
Coumaphos1,42700.0%—
Coumaphos oxygen analog1,04900.0%—
Crotoxyphos31800.0%—
Crufomate31800.0%—
Cyantraniliprole1,41560.4%—
Cyazofamid1,415956.7%Yearly results
Cycloate1,46530.2%—
Cyfluthrin4,6291543.3%Yearly results
Cyhalothrin, Lambda571152.6%Yearly results
Cyhalothrin, Lambda epimer R15783657171.2%—
Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer)3,497631.8%Yearly results
Cymoxanil1,41590.6%—
Cypermethrin5,41773813.6%Yearly results
Cyphenothrin1,12500.0%—
Cyproconazole69900.0%—
Cyprodinil2,12100.0%—
Cyromazine3666317.2%—
DCPA5,9861762.9%Yearly results
DDD (TDE)1,385100.7%Yearly results
DDD o,p'1,08240.4%—
DDD p,p'2,56050.2%—
DDE1,63981349.6%Yearly results
DDE p,p'3,5391,19733.8%Yearly results
DDT1,32817613.3%Yearly results
DDT o,p'1,082878.0%Yearly results
DDT p,p'1,65321112.8%Yearly results
DEF (Tribufos)23700.0%—
Deltamethrin (includes parent Tralomethrin)3,16840.1%—
Demeton23700.0%—
Demeton-O31800.0%—
Demeton-S65900.0%—
Demeton-S sulfone23020.9%—
Desmedipham90900.0%—
Diazinon6,091530.9%Yearly results
Diazinon oxygen analog4,49220.0%—
Dicamba74400.0%—
Dichlobenil2,80600.0%—
Dichlorobenzophenone p,p' (4,4-DCBP)7800.0%—
Dichlorprop74400.0%—
Dichlorvos (DDVP)6,06320.0%—
Dicloran5,984701.2%Yearly results
Dicofol o,p'1,78100.0%—
Dicofol p,p'3,82300.0%—
Dicofol Total1,12200.0%—
Dicrotophos71600.0%—
Dieldrin4,058461.1%Yearly results
Difenoconazole2,60310.0%—
Diflubenzuron2,099110.5%Yearly results
Dimethenamid2,08900.0%—
Dimethoate6,1401502.4%Yearly results
Dimethomorph2,72045616.8%Yearly results
Dinotefuran3,066321.0%Yearly results
Diphenamid2,18100.0%—
Diphenylamine (DPA)5,76010.0%—
Disulfoton6,00200.0%—
Disulfoton oxygen analog1,35500.0%—
Disulfoton sulfone5,00400.0%—
Disulfoton sulfone oxygen analog1,41510.1%—
Disulfoton sulfoxide1,41500.0%—
Disulfoton sulfoxide oxygen analog1,41500.0%—
Diuron2,44500.0%—
Emamectin benzoate71600.0%—
Endosulfan I5,519400.7%Yearly results
Endosulfan II5,542520.9%Yearly results
Endosulfan sulfate5,5422033.7%Yearly results
Endosulfans Total6108714.3%—
Endrin2,56000.0%—
EPN31800.0%—
EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate)1,06500.0%—
Esfenvalerate2,38510.0%—
Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total3,02650.2%—
Ethalfluralin2,47300.0%—
Ethiofencarb1,15500.0%—
Ethion5,70400.0%—
Ethion mono oxon1,29200.0%—
Ethofumesate69900.0%—
Ethoprop4,70900.0%—
Etofenprox71620.3%—
Etoxazole1,08230.3%—
Etridiazole69900.0%—
Famoxadone1,8411085.9%Yearly results
Fenamidone1,84144624.2%Yearly results
Fenamiphos6,00600.0%—
Fenamiphos sulfone5,66000.0%—
Fenamiphos sulfoxide4,07800.0%—
Fenarimol2,09900.0%—
Fenbuconazole3,16110.0%—
Fenchlorphos (Ronnel)31800.0%—
Fenhexamid1,40000.0%—
Fenitrothion1,42700.0%—
Fenitrothion oxygen analog2700.0%—
Fenpropathrin3,35200.0%—
Fenpyroximate1,17000.0%—
Fensulfothion31800.0%—
Fenthion3,23300.0%—
Fenthion oxygen analog sulfone69900.0%—
Fenthion oxygen analog sulfoxide69900.0%—
Fenthion sulfone69900.0%—
Fenthion sulfoxide69900.0%—
Fenvalerate2,42320.1%—
Fipronil1,41500.0%—
Flonicamid1,84143123.4%Yearly results
Fluazifop butyl1,08200.0%—
Fludioxonil4,36830.1%—
Flumioxazin1,41500.0%—
Fluopicolide1,41556439.9%Yearly results
Fluoxastrobin1,50300.0%—
Fluridone3,41300.0%—
Fluroxypyr-meptyl74400.0%—
Flusilazole69900.0%—
Fluvalinate (as Tau-Fluvalinate)2,09900.0%—
Fluxapyroxad716192.7%Yearly results
Folpet1,09900.0%—
Fonofos2,79800.0%—
Forchlorfenuron2900.0%—
Formetanate hydrochloride90900.0%—
Halosulfuron69900.0%—
Halosulfuron methyl28600.0%—
Heptachlor4,69300.0%—
Heptachlor epoxide3,75700.0%—
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)5,30800.0%—
Hexaconazole1,27200.0%—
Hexazinone69900.0%—
Hexythiazox90900.0%—
Hydroprene1,78000.0%—
Imazalil5,87000.0%—
Imidacloprid3,4141,60146.9%Yearly results
Imidacloprid urea69900.0%—
Imiprothrin1,10710.1%—
Indoxacarb2,187221.0%Yearly results
Iprodione4,947120.2%Yearly results
Iprodione metabolite isomer36600.0%—
Iprovalicarb69900.0%—
Isofenphos21000.0%—
Kresoxim-methyl1,78100.0%—
Lambda cyhalothrin S ester11100.0%—
Lambda cyhalothrin total22100.0%—
Lindane (BHC gamma)5,15550.1%—
Linuron2,871501.7%Yearly results
Lufenuron69900.0%—
Malathion6,152100.2%Yearly results
Malathion oxygen analog4,51300.0%—
Mandipropamid1,41596368.1%Yearly results
MCPA74400.0%—
Mecoprop (MCPP)74400.0%—
Metaflumizone69900.0%—
Metalaxyl/Mefenoxam4,693841.8%Yearly results
Metaldehyde69900.0%—
Methamidophos6,136580.9%Yearly results
Methidathion5,89900.0%—
Methidathion oxygen analog21000.0%—
Methiocarb2,51100.0%—
Methomyl6,1523986.5%Yearly results
Methoprene36600.0%—
Methoxychlor olefin1,08200.0%—
Methoxychlor p,p'1,52510.1%—
Methoxychlor Total3,37600.0%—
Methoxyfenozide3,0481866.1%Yearly results
Metolachlor4,42520.0%—
Metribuzin3,30650.2%—
Mevinphos Total6,063170.3%Yearly results
MGK-2641,82300.0%—
Monocrotophos3,09000.0%—
Myclobutanil6,11520.0%—
Napropamide3,38900.0%—
Naptalam12000.0%—
Nitrapyrin77700.0%—
Norflurazon4,32700.0%—
Norflurazon desmethyl4,22710.0%—
Novaluron1,50370.5%—
o-Phenylphenol3,926140.4%Yearly results
Omethoate5,9714187.0%Yearly results
Oryzalin1,76100.0%—
Oxadixyl2,60700.0%—
Oxamyl6,00740.1%—
Oxamyl oxime1,21300.0%—
Oxychlordane51700.0%—
Oxydemeton methyl78700.0%—
Oxydemeton methyl sulfone2,44410.0%—
Oxyfluorfen1,560241.5%Yearly results
Paclobutrazol69900.0%—
Parathion ethyl5,55710.0%—
Parathion methyl5,91710.0%—
Parathion methyl oxygen analog1,50800.0%—
Parathion oxygen analog2,49900.0%—
Penconazole69900.0%—
Pencycuron69900.0%—
Pendimethalin3,936310.8%Yearly results
Pentachloroaniline (PCA)3,184230.7%Yearly results
Pentachlorobenzene (PCB)5,89310.0%—
Pentachlorophenyl methyl sulfide (PCPMS)2,80600.0%—
Penthiopyrad716294.1%Yearly results
Permethrin cis2,3521,48963.3%Yearly results
Permethrin Total3,8002,09755.2%Yearly results
Permethrin trans2,3521,50063.8%Yearly results
Phenmedipham1,30910.1%—
Phenothrin2,90300.0%—
Phenthoate1,08200.0%—
Phorate5,91800.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog1,63800.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog sulfone88900.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog sulfoxide69900.0%—
Phorate sulfone5,45200.0%—
Phorate sulfoxide3,77500.0%—
Phosalone3,39900.0%—
Phosalone oxygen analog10800.0%—
Phosmet4,94810.0%—
Phosmet oxygen analog69900.0%—
Phosphamidon5,11200.0%—
Phoxim69900.0%—
Picloram74400.0%—
Piperonyl butoxide4,530541.2%Yearly results
Pirimicarb2,84300.0%—
Pirimicarb desmethyl69900.0%—
Pirimiphos methyl3,07440.1%—
Prallethrin2,45200.0%—
Procymidone69900.0%—
Profenofos2,78200.0%—
Prometryn2,564441.7%Yearly results
Pronamide (Propyzamide)3,19950.2%—
Propachlor71600.0%—
Propamocarb hydrochloride787719.0%Yearly results
Propargite4,78200.0%—
Propetamphos3,53400.0%—
Propham21000.0%—
Propiconazole2,54300.0%—
Propiconazole I42600.0%—
Propiconazole II42600.0%—
Prothiofos69900.0%—
Pymetrozine2,755180.7%Yearly results
Pyraclostrobin3,41437210.9%Yearly results
Pyrazophos69900.0%—
Pyrethrins69910.1%—
Pyridaben1,01700.0%—
Pyridalyl69900.0%—
Pyrimethanil3,16180.3%—
Pyriproxyfen2,35200.0%—
Quinalphos69900.0%—
Quinchlorac74400.0%—
Quinoxyfen1,23040.3%—
Quintozene (PCNB)5,87590.2%—
Resmethrin2,44700.0%—
Resmethrin cis1,21000.0%—
Resmethrin trans1,28300.0%—
Sethoxydim69900.0%—
Simazine3,35800.0%—
Spinetoram1,41573351.8%Yearly results
Spinosad86117420.2%Yearly results
Spinosad A2,16554625.2%Yearly results
Spinosad D1,90133817.8%Yearly results
Spirodiclofen69900.0%—
Spiromesifen1,14030.3%—
Spiromesifen Total (parent + enol metabolite)82200.0%—
Spirotetramat716182.5%Yearly results
Spiroxamine69900.0%—
Sulfentrazone1,12500.0%—
Sulfoxaflor716273.8%Yearly results
Sulprofos1,24200.0%—
Tebuconazole2,20700.0%—
Tebufenozide3,41490.3%—
Tebufenpyrad69900.0%—
Tebuthiuron71600.0%—
Tecnazene1,29100.0%—
Teflubenzuron69900.0%—
Tefluthrin1,84100.0%—
Terbacil3,30600.0%—
Terbufos4,39500.0%—
Terbufos oxygen analog sulfone13500.0%—
Terbufos sulfone3,64700.0%—
Terbuthylazine69900.0%—
Tetrachlorvinphos2,70800.0%—
Tetraconazole716121.7%Yearly results
Tetradifon3,19800.0%—
Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI)1,62020.1%—
Tetramethrin2,18710.0%—
Thiabendazole5,973140.2%Yearly results
Thiacloprid2,18710.0%—
Thiamethoxam3,239752.3%Yearly results
Thiobencarb1,50800.0%—
Thiodicarb1,16100.0%—
Thionazin31800.0%—
Tri Allate10800.0%—
Triadimefon3,30600.0%—
Triadimenol1,12500.0%—
Triclopyr74400.0%—
Trifloxystrobin3,26910.0%—
Triflumizole2,30700.0%—
Trifluralin6,152110.2%Yearly results
Triforine36600.0%—
Triticonazole8800.0%—
Vernolate1,09900.0%—
Vinclozolin4,94530.1%—
Zoxamide12000.0%—
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About these results

Source: USDA Pesticide Data Program. Included annual releases: 1995, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016.

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