Food test results

Pesticides found on spinach, canned

Explore detected residues, tested samples and results over time.

1997–2019 · 6 tested years

Explore the data →

Most commonly detected

Historical tests: 1997–2019. Each analyte uses its own tested count.

Permethrin Total62.6%922 / 1,472 tested
Cypermethrin41.0%680 / 1,659 tested
Azoxystrobin23.2%175 / 754 tested

Detection frequency is not a health-risk ranking. Summary screen: at least 100 tests, 2 years and 10 detections.

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1,988samples
tested
89.3%had at least one detected residue
50different analytes detected

1,776 of 1,988 samples had a validated detection. Historical results, not a safety score.

Most commonly detected

Percent of samples actually tested for each analyte. Shown: at least 100 tests, 2 years and 10 detections.

680 / 1,659 testedView yearly tests →
195 / 1,260 testedView yearly tests →
118 / 922 testedView yearly tests →
View all tested analytes ↓

The tested count differs by analyte. A detection does not establish health risk.

Detection over time

Samples with at least one validated detection.

0%25%50%75%100%1997: 89.3%, 150 of 168 tested samples1998: 84.7%, 589 of 695 tested samples2004: 80.9%, 300 of 371 tested samples2010: 96.1%, 174 of 181 tested samples2011: 98.0%, 194 of 198 tested samples2019: 98.4%, 369 of 375 tested samples199720082019

6 tested years between 1997 and 2019. Gaps mean no validated tests in this release.

Read the yearly counts
Percentages use the samples actually tested in each year.
YearTestedDetectedRate
199716815089.3%
199869558984.7%
1999Not tested——
2000Not tested——
2001Not tested——
2002Not tested——
2003Not tested——
200437130080.9%
2005Not tested——
2006Not tested——
2007Not tested——
2008Not tested——
2009Not tested——
201018117496.1%
201119819498.0%
2012Not tested——
2013Not tested——
2014Not tested——
2015Not tested——
2016Not tested——
2017Not tested——
2018Not tested——
201937536998.4%
Testing panels and detection limits change. These observations do not establish a causal trend.

How many were detected?

Number of distinct analytes per tested sample.

0
212
1
575
2
675
3
306
4
125
5
45
6
24
7
12
8
4
9
6
10+
4

Labels show analytes; counts show samples. Metabolites and isomers remain separate. This is not a count of pesticide products applied.

Where samples came from

Origin recorded by USDA.

U.S. origin99.3% · 1,974
Imported0.2% · 3
Unknown origin0.6% · 11

Origin describes the sampled food. These shares do not compare countries’ residue levels.

All tested analytes

Zero detections here means tested with no validated detection. It does not describe analytes that were never tested.

Open 512 analyte results
Each rate has its own actual-tested denominator.
AnalyteTestedDetectedRateDetails
1-Naphthol92211812.8%Yearly results
2,4-dimethylphenyl formamide (2,4-DMPF)20400.0%—
2,6-DIPN20400.0%—
3-Hydroxycarbofuran1,98800.0%—
5-Hydroxythiabendazole20400.0%—
Abamectin20400.0%—
Acephate1,98800.0%—
Acetamiprid75400.0%—
Acetochlor37500.0%—
Acibenzolar S methyl55000.0%—
Aclonifen20400.0%—
Alachlor74600.0%—
Aldicarb1,60900.0%—
Aldicarb sulfone1,60900.0%—
Aldicarb sulfoxide1,43800.0%—
Aldrin1,09100.0%—
Allethrin75000.0%—
Ametoctradin37500.0%—
Ametryn37500.0%—
Amicarbazone20400.0%—
Anilazine25000.0%—
Anilofos20400.0%—
Asulam20400.0%—
Atraton20400.0%—
Atrazine1,98800.0%—
Azinphos ethyl41800.0%—
Azinphos methyl1,98800.0%—
Azinphos methyl oxygen analog58300.0%—
Azoxystrobin75417523.2%Yearly results
Beflubutamid20400.0%—
Benalaxyl20400.0%—
Bendiocarb37500.0%—
Benfluralin20400.0%—
Benoxacor75400.0%—
Bensulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Bensulide75400.0%—
Bensulide oxygen analog17100.0%—
Bentazon17100.0%—
Benthiavalicarb isopropyl17000.0%—
Benzobicyclon20400.0%—
Benzovindiflupyr20400.0%—
BHC alpha1,26000.0%—
BHC beta88910.1%—
BHC delta33900.0%—
Bifenox20400.0%—
Bifenthrin1,328503.8%Yearly results
Bioallethrin20400.0%—
Bitertanol20400.0%—
Boscalid75420.3%—
Bromacil34100.0%—
Bromophos ethyl20400.0%—
Bromopropylate20400.0%—
Bromuconazole20400.0%—
Bupirimate20400.0%—
Buprofezin75400.0%—
Butachlor20400.0%—
Butylate57500.0%—
Cadusafos20400.0%—
Captafol44500.0%—
Captan1,12800.0%—
Carbaryl1,98800.0%—
Carbendazim (MBC)37500.0%—
Carbofuran1,98800.0%—
Carbophenothion33900.0%—
Carboxin71700.0%—
Carfentrazone ethyl75400.0%—
Chlorantraniliprole75410013.3%Yearly results
Chlordane cis1,26000.0%—
Chlordane trans1,26000.0%—
Chlordimeform20400.0%—
Chlorethoxyfos74600.0%—
Chlorfenapyr75400.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos alpha13500.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos beta13500.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos total20400.0%—
Chlorimuron ethyl37500.0%—
Chlorobenzilate20400.0%—
Chloroneb20400.0%—
Chlorothalonil81000.0%—
Chlorpropham1,60900.0%—
Chlorpyrifos1,98870.4%—
Chlorpyrifos methyl33900.0%—
Chlorpyrifos methyl O-analog17000.0%—
Chlorpyrifos oxygen analog75400.0%—
Chlorsulfuron20400.0%—
Chlorthiophos20400.0%—
Clethodim37500.0%—
Clodinafop propargyl20400.0%—
Clofentezine20400.0%—
Clomazone74600.0%—
Cloquintocet-mexyl20400.0%—
Cloransulam methyl20400.0%—
Clothianidin754162.1%Yearly results
Coumaphos33900.0%—
Coumaphos oxygen analog33900.0%—
Crotoxyphos20400.0%—
Crufomate20400.0%—
Cyanazine20400.0%—
Cyantraniliprole37500.0%—
Cyazofamid37500.0%—
Cycloate75000.0%—
Cyflufenamid20400.0%—
Cyflumetofen37500.0%—
Cyfluthrin1,26019515.5%Yearly results
Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer)1,09600.0%—
Cymoxanil37500.0%—
Cypermethrin1,65968041.0%Yearly results
Cyphenothrin75400.0%—
Cyproconazole20400.0%—
Cyprodinil37530.8%—
Cyprosulfamide37500.0%—
Cyromazine58300.0%—
DCPA1,609342.1%Yearly results
DDD (TDE)14600.0%—
DDD o,p'31200.0%—
DDD p,p'1,52400.0%—
DDE1684225.0%—
DDE o,p'31200.0%—
DDE p,p'1,82018810.3%Yearly results
DDT14600.0%—
DDT o,p'24900.0%—
DDT p,p'60300.0%—
DEF (Tribufos)33910.3%—
Deltamethrin (includes parent Tralomethrin)1,12500.0%—
Demeton17600.0%—
Demeton-O20400.0%—
Demeton-S38000.0%—
Demeton-S sulfone33900.0%—
Desethyl atrazine20400.0%—
Desmedipham55000.0%—
Desmetryn20400.0%—
Dialifos20400.0%—
Diazinon1,98800.0%—
Diazinon oxygen analog1,09600.0%—
Dichlobenil34600.0%—
Dichlofenthion20400.0%—
Dichlormid37500.0%—
Dichlorvos (DDVP)1,98800.0%—
Diclofop methyl20400.0%—
Dicloran1,60910.1%—
Diclosulam20400.0%—
Dicofol o,p'10800.0%—
Dicofol p,p'1,23700.0%—
Dicofol Total37200.0%—
Dicrotophos20400.0%—
Dieldrin1,33500.0%—
Diethofencarb20400.0%—
Difenoconazole746141.9%Yearly results
Diflubenzuron20400.0%—
Dimepiperate20400.0%—
Dimethenamid74600.0%—
Dimethipin17000.0%—
Dimethoate1,60900.0%—
Dimethomorph37500.0%—
Diniconazole20400.0%—
Dinocap14100.0%—
Dinotefuran75400.0%—
Dioxacarb20400.0%—
Dioxathion20400.0%—
Diphenamid73900.0%—
Diphenylamine (DPA)1,43820.1%—
Dipropetryn20400.0%—
Disulfoton1,77800.0%—
Disulfoton oxygen analog44900.0%—
Disulfoton sulfone1,72600.0%—
Disulfoton sulfone oxygen analog37900.0%—
Disulfoton sulfoxide75400.0%—
Disulfoton sulfoxide oxygen analog37900.0%—
Ditalimfos20400.0%—
Diuron51000.0%—
DMST (4-dimethylaminosulphotosluidide)20400.0%—
Dodine20400.0%—
Emamectin20400.0%—
Endosulfan I1,98800.0%—
Endosulfan II1,95900.0%—
Endosulfan sulfate1,95990.5%—
Endrin1,28900.0%—
EPN20400.0%—
Epoxiconazole20400.0%—
EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate)52100.0%—
Esfenvalerate66710.1%—
Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total92100.0%—
Ethaboxam20400.0%—
Ethalfluralin88100.0%—
Ethametsulfuron methyl17000.0%—
Ethiofencarb20400.0%—
Ethiofencarb sulfone20400.0%—
Ethiofencarb sulfoxide20400.0%—
Ethion1,43800.0%—
Ethiprole20400.0%—
Ethofumesate20400.0%—
Ethoprop92200.0%—
Ethoxyquin17100.0%—
Ethylan (Perthane)20400.0%—
Etofenprox37500.0%—
Etoxazole34600.0%—
Etridiazole34600.0%—
Etrimfos17000.0%—
Famoxadone75450.7%—
Famphur20400.0%—
Fenamidone754131.7%Yearly results
Fenamiphos1,43800.0%—
Fenamiphos sulfone1,43800.0%—
Fenamiphos sulfoxide62900.0%—
Fenarimol37500.0%—
Fenazaquin34600.0%—
Fenbuconazole37500.0%—
Fenchlorphos (Ronnel)20400.0%—
Fenhexamid37500.0%—
Fenitrothion33900.0%—
Fenitrothion oxygen analog13500.0%—
Fenobucarb (BPMC)20400.0%—
Fenoxaprop ethyl20400.0%—
Fenoxycarb20400.0%—
Fenpropathrin1,14300.0%—
Fenpropidin20400.0%—
Fenpropimorph20400.0%—
Fenpyrazamine37500.0%—
Fenpyroximate20400.0%—
Fensulfothion20400.0%—
Fenthion33900.0%—
Fenthion sulfone20400.0%—
Fenthion sulfoxide20400.0%—
Fenuron20400.0%—
Fenvalerate86310.1%—
Fipronil20400.0%—
Fipronil sulfone (MB46136)20400.0%—
Flazasulfuron37500.0%—
Flonicamid754263.4%Yearly results
Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl20400.0%—
Fluazifop butyl37500.0%—
Flubendiamide754192.5%Yearly results
Flucythrinate20400.0%—
Fludioxonil1,12500.0%—
Flufenacet37500.0%—
Flufenoxuron20400.0%—
Flufenpyr ethyl20400.0%—
Flumetsulam20400.0%—
Flumiclorac pentyl20400.0%—
Flumioxazin20400.0%—
Fluometuron37500.0%—
Fluopicolide75410.1%—
Fluopyram37500.0%—
Fluorodifen20400.0%—
Fluoxastrobin37500.0%—
Flupyradifurone375318.3%—
Fluquinconazole20400.0%—
Fluridone1,12500.0%—
Flusilazole20400.0%—
Fluthiacet methyl37500.0%—
Flutolanil20400.0%—
Flutriafol3756417.1%—
Fluvalinate (as Tau-Fluvalinate)75300.0%—
Fluxapyroxad375184.8%—
Folpet94200.0%—
Fomesafen17100.0%—
Fonofos84000.0%—
Fonofos oxygen analog44100.0%—
Forchlorfenuron37500.0%—
Formetanate hydrochloride20400.0%—
Fosthiazate20400.0%—
Furalaxyl20400.0%—
Halosulfuron17100.0%—
Halosulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Heptachlor1,49600.0%—
Heptachlor epoxide1,61000.0%—
Heptenophos20400.0%—
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)1,58000.0%—
Hexaconazole20400.0%—
Hexazinone20400.0%—
Hexythiazox34600.0%—
Hydroprene71000.0%—
Imazalil1,60900.0%—
Imazosulfuron20400.0%—
Imidacloprid754415.4%Yearly results
Imiprothrin75400.0%—
Indaziflam37500.0%—
Indoxacarb754466.1%Yearly results
Ipconazole37500.0%—
Iprobenfos (IBP)20400.0%—
Iprodione1,60800.0%—
Iprovalicarb20400.0%—
Isocarbophos20400.0%—
Isofenphos20400.0%—
Isofenphos methyl20400.0%—
Isofetamid17100.0%—
Isoprocarb20400.0%—
Isoprothiolane20400.0%—
Isoproturon20400.0%—
Isopyrazam20400.0%—
Isoxadifen ethyl37500.0%—
Kresoxim-methyl37500.0%—
Lactofen20400.0%—
Lambda cyhalothrin total11100.0%—
Leptophos oxygen analog20400.0%—
Lindane (BHC gamma)1,60900.0%—
Linuron64200.0%—
Malathion1,98800.0%—
Malathion oxygen analog1,12500.0%—
Mandipropamid754192.5%Yearly results
Mecarbam20400.0%—
Mefenpyr diethyl20400.0%—
Mepanipyrim20400.0%—
Mephosfolan20400.0%—
Mesotrione17100.0%—
Metaflumizone20400.0%—
Metalaxyl/Mefenoxam1,36460.4%—
Metconazole20400.0%—
Methacrifos20400.0%—
Methamidophos1,60900.0%—
Methidathion1,58000.0%—
Methiocarb81800.0%—
Methiocarb sulfone20400.0%—
Methiocarb sulfoxide20400.0%—
Methomyl1,98800.0%—
Methoxychlor p,p'46300.0%—
Methoxychlor Total77100.0%—
Methoxyfenozide754516.8%Yearly results
Metolachlor1,12500.0%—
Metolcarb20400.0%—
Metrafenone20400.0%—
Metribuzin74610.1%—
Metsulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Mevinphos E28300.0%—
Mevinphos Total1,70500.0%—
Mevinphos Z28300.0%—
MGK-26475400.0%—
Mirex20400.0%—
Molinate20400.0%—
Monocrotophos57500.0%—
Monolinuron20400.0%—
Monuron20400.0%—
Myclobutanil1,98800.0%—
Napropamide74600.0%—
Naptalam37100.0%—
Neburon20400.0%—
Nicosulfuron22600.0%—
Nitrapyrin74600.0%—
Nitrofen20400.0%—
Norflurazon1,17100.0%—
Norflurazon desmethyl1,19800.0%—
Novaluron37500.0%—
o-Phenylphenol1,12000.0%—
Omethoate1,60900.0%—
Orthosulfamuron20400.0%—
Oryzalin17100.0%—
Ovex14100.0%—
Oxadiazon20400.0%—
Oxadixyl57500.0%—
Oxamyl1,60900.0%—
Oxamyl oxime37500.0%—
Oxathiapiprolin20400.0%—
Oxychlordane33900.0%—
Oxydemeton methyl20400.0%—
Oxydemeton methyl sulfone92400.0%—
Oxyfluorfen33992.7%—
Paclobutrazol20400.0%—
Parathion ethyl1,324120.9%Yearly results
Parathion methyl1,60900.0%—
Parathion methyl oxygen analog20400.0%—
Parathion oxygen analog57500.0%—
Penconazole20400.0%—
Pencycuron20400.0%—
Pendimethalin746152.0%Yearly results
Penflufen37500.0%—
Penoxsulam20400.0%—
Pentachloroaniline (PCA)551173.1%Yearly results
Pentachlorobenzene (PCB)1,60900.0%—
Pentachlorophenyl methyl sulfide (PCPMS)34800.0%—
Penthiopyrad375359.3%—
Permethrin cis51641780.8%—
Permethrin Total1,47292262.6%Yearly results
Permethrin trans51642682.6%—
Phenmedipham92100.0%—
Phenothrin75400.0%—
Phenthoate20400.0%—
Phorate1,60900.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog33900.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog sulfone51000.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog sulfoxide37500.0%—
Phorate sulfone1,60900.0%—
Phorate sulfoxide87400.0%—
Phosalone95300.0%—
Phosmet1,87400.0%—
Phosmet oxygen analog75400.0%—
Phosphamidon1,43800.0%—
Phoxim20400.0%—
Picoxystrobin37500.0%—
Pinoxaden20400.0%—
Piperonyl butoxide1,42450.4%—
Pirimicarb20400.0%—
Pirimicarb desmethyl20400.0%—
Pirimiphos ethyl20400.0%—
Pirimiphos methyl87400.0%—
Prallethrin1,12500.0%—
Pretilachlor20400.0%—
Primisulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Prochloraz20400.0%—
Procymidone27800.0%—
Profenofos67400.0%—
Profluralin20400.0%—
Profoxydim20400.0%—
Promecarb20400.0%—
Prometryn57500.0%—
Pronamide (Propyzamide)1,39400.0%—
Propachlor20400.0%—
Propamocarb20400.0%—
Propanil20400.0%—
Propaquizafop20400.0%—
Propargite1,60900.0%—
Propazine20400.0%—
Propetamphos1,12500.0%—
Propham20400.0%—
Propiconazole71700.0%—
Propoxycarbazone17000.0%—
Proquinazid20400.0%—
Prosulfuron37500.0%—
Prothioconazole11500.0%—
Prothiofos20400.0%—
Pymetrozine20400.0%—
Pyraclofos20400.0%—
Pyraclostrobin754567.4%Yearly results
Pyraflufen ethyl20400.0%—
Pyrazon20400.0%—
Pyrazophos20400.0%—
Pyridaben37500.0%—
Pyridalyl69800.0%—
Pyridaphenthion20400.0%—
Pyrimethanil37500.0%—
Pyriproxyfen75400.0%—
Pyroxasulfone20400.0%—
Pyroxsulam20400.0%—
Quinalphos20400.0%—
Quinoxyfen37500.0%—
Quintozene (PCNB)1,60900.0%—
Quizalofop ethyl37500.0%—
Resmethrin1,10800.0%—
Rimsulfuron37500.0%—
Rotenone20400.0%—
Saflufenacil37500.0%—
Sedaxane20400.0%—
Sethoxydim37500.0%—
Siduron20400.0%—
Simazine1,40600.0%—
Spinetoram37500.0%—
Spinosad75450.7%—
Spirodiclofen31800.0%—
Spiromesifen75400.0%—
Spiromesifen alcohol20400.0%—
Spirotetramat75400.0%—
Spiroxamine20400.0%—
Sulfallate20400.0%—
Sulfentrazone37500.0%—
Sulfometuron methyl20400.0%—
Sulfosulfuron20400.0%—
Sulfoxaflor37500.0%—
Sulprofos33900.0%—
TCMTB37500.0%—
Tebuconazole37500.0%—
Tebufenozide75400.0%—
Tebufenpyrad20400.0%—
Tebupirimfos20400.0%—
Tebuthiuron20400.0%—
Tecnazene33900.0%—
Teflubenzuron37500.0%—
Tefluthrin75400.0%—
Tepraloxydim37500.0%—
Terbacil1,22300.0%—
Terbufos1,60900.0%—
Terbufos oxygen analog17100.0%—
Terbufos oxygen analog sulfone37500.0%—
Terbufos oxygen analog sulfoxide17100.0%—
Terbufos sulfone1,60900.0%—
Terbufos sulfoxide37500.0%—
Terbuthylazine20400.0%—
Tetrachlorvinphos1,60900.0%—
Tetraconazole20400.0%—
Tetradifon1,22300.0%—
Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI)7700.0%—
Tetramethrin75400.0%—
Thiabendazole1,58100.0%—
Thiacloprid20400.0%—
Thiamethoxam75460.8%—
Thiazopyr37500.0%—
Thidiazuron20400.0%—
Thiencarbazone methyl20400.0%—
Thifensulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Thiobencarb20400.0%—
Thiodicarb54800.0%—
Thionazin20400.0%—
Thiophanate methyl17100.0%—
Tolclofos methyl20400.0%—
Tolfenpyrad375143.7%—
Tri Allate37500.0%—
Triadimefon1,22300.0%—
Triadimenol20400.0%—
Triasulfuron20400.0%—
Triazophos20400.0%—
Tribenuron methyl20400.0%—
Trichlorfon37500.0%—
Trichloronate20400.0%—
Tricyclazole20400.0%—
Trifloxystrobin37500.0%—
Trifloxysulfuron37500.0%—
Triflumezopyrim20400.0%—
Triflumizole74600.0%—
Trifluralin1,55010.1%—
Triticonazole37500.0%—
Uniconazole20400.0%—
Vernolate57500.0%—
Vinclozolin1,43800.0%—
Zoxamide74600.0%—
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About these results

Source: USDA Pesticide Data Program. Included annual releases: 1997, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2011, 2019.

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