Food test results

Pesticides found on spinach, frozen

Explore detected residues, tested samples and results over time.

1999–2019 · 5 tested years

Explore the data →

Most commonly detected

Historical tests: 1999–2019. Each analyte uses its own tested count.

Permethrin Total38.2%359 / 941 tested
Mandipropamid37.3%286 / 766 tested
DDE p,p'27.1%402 / 1,481 tested

Detection frequency is not a health-risk ranking. Summary screen: at least 100 tests, 2 years and 10 detections.

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1,481samples
tested
84.7%had at least one detected residue
102different analytes detected

1,255 of 1,481 samples had a validated detection. Historical results, not a safety score.

Most commonly detected

Percent of samples actually tested for each analyte. Shown: at least 100 tests, 2 years and 10 detections.

402 / 1,481 testedView yearly tests →
View all tested analytes ↓

The tested count differs by analyte. A detection does not establish health risk.

Detection over time

Samples with at least one validated detection.

0%25%50%75%100%1999: 84.9%, 607 of 715 tested samples2010: 85.9%, 164 of 191 tested samples2011: 78.3%, 155 of 198 tested samples2018: 85.1%, 160 of 188 tested samples2019: 89.4%, 169 of 189 tested samples199920092019

5 tested years between 1999 and 2019. Gaps mean no validated tests in this release.

Read the yearly counts
Percentages use the samples actually tested in each year.
YearTestedDetectedRate
199971560784.9%
2000Not tested——
2001Not tested——
2002Not tested——
2003Not tested——
2004Not tested——
2005Not tested——
2006Not tested——
2007Not tested——
2008Not tested——
2009Not tested——
201019116485.9%
201119815578.3%
2012Not tested——
2013Not tested——
2014Not tested——
2015Not tested——
2016Not tested——
2017Not tested——
201818816085.1%
201918916989.4%
Testing panels and detection limits change. These observations do not establish a causal trend.

How many were detected?

Number of distinct analytes per tested sample.

0
226
1
264
2
295
3
240
4
158
5
86
6
51
7
50
8
28
9
34
10+
49

Labels show analytes; counts show samples. Metabolites and isomers remain separate. This is not a count of pesticide products applied.

Where samples came from

Origin recorded by USDA.

U.S. origin90.5% · 1,340
Imported8.9% · 132
Unknown origin0.6% · 9

Origin describes the sampled food. These shares do not compare countries’ residue levels.

All tested analytes

Zero detections here means tested with no validated detection. It does not describe analytes that were never tested.

Open 516 analyte results
Each rate has its own actual-tested denominator.
AnalyteTestedDetectedRateDetails
1-Naphthol53310.2%—
2,4-dimethylphenyl formamide (2,4-DMPF)20400.0%—
2,6-DIPN20400.0%—
3-Hydroxycarbofuran1,48100.0%—
5-Hydroxythiabendazole20400.0%—
Abamectin20400.0%—
Acephate1,45960.4%—
Acetamiprid766192.5%Yearly results
Acetochlor37700.0%—
Acibenzolar S methyl56200.0%—
Aclonifen20400.0%—
Alachlor37700.0%—
Aldicarb1,09200.0%—
Aldicarb sulfone1,09200.0%—
Aldicarb sulfoxide91900.0%—
Aldrin1,11910.1%—
Allethrin38900.0%—
Allidochlor5800.0%—
Ametoctradin3779926.3%Yearly results
Ametryn37700.0%—
Amicarbazone20400.0%—
Amitraz5800.0%—
Anilazine44500.0%—
Anilofos20400.0%—
Asulam20410.5%—
Atraton20400.0%—
Atrazine1,481100.7%Yearly results
Azinphos ethyl40100.0%—
Azinphos methyl1,48010.1%—
Azinphos methyl oxygen analog59300.0%—
Azoxystrobin76613417.5%Yearly results
Beflubutamid20400.0%—
Benalaxyl20400.0%—
Bendiocarb37700.0%—
Benfluralin20400.0%—
Benoxacor76600.0%—
Bensulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Bensulide766111.4%Yearly results
Bensulide oxygen analog17300.0%—
Bentazon17300.0%—
Benthiavalicarb isopropyl20400.0%—
Benzobicyclon20400.0%—
Benzovindiflupyr20400.0%—
BHC alpha94400.0%—
BHC beta94400.0%—
BHC delta32400.0%—
Bifenox20400.0%—
Bifenthrin1,119201.8%Yearly results
Bioallethrin20400.0%—
Bitertanol20400.0%—
Boscalid766466.0%Yearly results
Bromacil37700.0%—
Bromophos ethyl20400.0%—
Bromopropylate20400.0%—
Bromuconazole20400.0%—
Bupirimate20400.0%—
Buprofezin76610.1%—
Butachlor20400.0%—
Butylate20400.0%—
Cadusafos20400.0%—
Captafol17500.0%—
Captan60100.0%—
Carbaryl1,48140.3%—
Carbendazim (MBC)37700.0%—
Carbofuran1,48110.1%—
Carbophenothion38200.0%—
Carboxin37700.0%—
Carfentrazone ethyl76600.0%—
Chlorantraniliprole76614619.1%Yearly results
Chlordane cis98800.0%—
Chlordane trans98800.0%—
Chlordimeform20400.0%—
Chlorethoxyfos37700.0%—
Chlorfenapyr76600.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos alpha17800.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos beta17800.0%—
Chlorfenvinphos total20400.0%—
Chlorimuron ethyl37700.0%—
Chlorobenzilate20400.0%—
Chloroneb20400.0%—
Chlorothalonil51900.0%—
Chlorpropham1,09200.0%—
Chlorpyrifos1,481513.4%Yearly results
Chlorpyrifos methyl38200.0%—
Chlorpyrifos methyl O-analog20400.0%—
Chlorpyrifos oxygen analog76600.0%—
Chlorsulfuron20400.0%—
Chlorthiophos20400.0%—
Clethodim37700.0%—
Clodinafop propargyl20400.0%—
Clofentezine20400.0%—
Clomazone37700.0%—
Cloquintocet-mexyl20400.0%—
Cloransulam methyl20400.0%—
Clothianidin7669312.1%Yearly results
Coumaphos38200.0%—
Coumaphos oxygen analog38200.0%—
Crotoxyphos20400.0%—
Crufomate20400.0%—
Cyanazine20400.0%—
Cyantraniliprole37710.3%—
Cyazofamid37771.9%—
Cycloate38900.0%—
Cyflufenamid20400.0%—
Cyflumetofen37700.0%—
Cyfluthrin88613515.2%Yearly results
Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer)737202.7%Yearly results
Cymoxanil37700.0%—
Cypermethrin1,22720917.0%Yearly results
Cyphenothrin76600.0%—
Cyproconazole20400.0%—
Cyprodinil37700.0%—
Cyprosulfamide37700.0%—
Cyromazine76600.0%—
DCPA1,092857.8%Yearly results
DDD o,p'38261.6%—
DDD p,p'1,237181.5%Yearly results
DDE o,p'38200.0%—
DDE p,p'1,48140227.1%Yearly results
DDT o,p'343195.5%—
DDT p,p'817445.4%Yearly results
DEF (Tribufos)38200.0%—
Deltamethrin (includes parent Tralomethrin)76600.0%—
Demeton-O20400.0%—
Demeton-S20400.0%—
Demeton-S sulfone38200.0%—
Desethyl atrazine20452.5%—
Desmedipham56200.0%—
Desmetryn20400.0%—
Dialifos20400.0%—
Diazinon1,48190.6%—
Diazinon oxygen analog91510.1%—
Dichlobenil37700.0%—
Dichlofenthion20400.0%—
Dichlormid37700.0%—
Dichlorvos (DDVP)1,46800.0%—
Diclofop methyl20400.0%—
Dicloran1,092121.1%Yearly results
Diclosulam20400.0%—
Dicofol o,p'17800.0%—
Dicofol p,p'88850.6%—
Dicofol Total20400.0%—
Dicrotophos20400.0%—
Dieldrin1,07890.8%—
Diethofencarb20400.0%—
Difenoconazole37782.1%—
Diflubenzuron20400.0%—
Diflufenzopyr17300.0%—
Dimepiperate20400.0%—
Dimethenamid37700.0%—
Dimethipin20400.0%—
Dimethoate1,092353.2%Yearly results
Dimethomorph377318.2%Yearly results
Diniconazole20400.0%—
Dinotefuran76610.1%—
Dioxacarb20400.0%—
Dioxathion20400.0%—
Diphenamid37900.0%—
Diphenylamine (DPA)91920.2%—
Dipropetryn20400.0%—
Disulfoton1,28900.0%—
Disulfoton oxygen analog54300.0%—
Disulfoton sulfone1,30800.0%—
Disulfoton sulfone oxygen analog38900.0%—
Disulfoton sulfoxide74400.0%—
Disulfoton sulfoxide oxygen analog38900.0%—
Ditalimfos20400.0%—
Diuron48200.0%—
DMST (4-dimethylaminosulphotosluidide)20400.0%—
Dodine20400.0%—
Emamectin20400.0%—
Endosulfan I1,481120.8%Yearly results
Endosulfan II1,422120.8%Yearly results
Endosulfan sulfate1,452563.9%Yearly results
Endrin94100.0%—
EPN20400.0%—
Epoxiconazole20400.0%—
EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate)56200.0%—
Esfenvalerate72710.1%—
Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total49600.0%—
Ethaboxam20400.0%—
Ethalfluralin55500.0%—
Ethametsulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Ethiofencarb27700.0%—
Ethiofencarb sulfone20400.0%—
Ethiofencarb sulfoxide20400.0%—
Ethion91900.0%—
Ethion di oxon17800.0%—
Ethion mono oxon17800.0%—
Ethiprole20400.0%—
Ethofumesate20400.0%—
Ethoprop54200.0%—
Ethoxyquin17300.0%—
Ethylan (Perthane)20400.0%—
Etofenprox37700.0%—
Etoxazole34820.6%—
Etridiazole37700.0%—
Etrimfos20400.0%—
Famoxadone766233.0%Yearly results
Famphur20400.0%—
Fenamidone76610413.6%Yearly results
Fenamiphos91900.0%—
Fenamiphos sulfone91900.0%—
Fenamiphos sulfoxide38200.0%—
Fenarimol37700.0%—
Fenazaquin37700.0%—
Fenbuconazole37700.0%—
Fenchlorphos (Ronnel)20400.0%—
Fenhexamid37700.0%—
Fenitrothion38200.0%—
Fenitrothion oxygen analog17800.0%—
Fenobucarb (BPMC)20400.0%—
Fenoxaprop ethyl20400.0%—
Fenoxycarb20400.0%—
Fenpropathrin94400.0%—
Fenpropidin20400.0%—
Fenpropimorph20400.0%—
Fenpyrazamine37700.0%—
Fenpyroximate20400.0%—
Fensulfothion20400.0%—
Fenthion38200.0%—
Fenthion sulfone20400.0%—
Fenthion sulfoxide20400.0%—
Fenuron20400.0%—
Fenvalerate71520.3%—
Fipronil20400.0%—
Fipronil sulfone (MB46136)20400.0%—
Flazasulfuron37700.0%—
Flonicamid766263.4%Yearly results
Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl20400.0%—
Fluazifop butyl37700.0%—
Flubendiamide766466.0%Yearly results
Flucythrinate20400.0%—
Fludioxonil76600.0%—
Flufenacet37700.0%—
Flufenoxuron20400.0%—
Flufenpyr ethyl20400.0%—
Flumetsulam20400.0%—
Flumiclorac pentyl20400.0%—
Flumioxazin20400.0%—
Fluometuron37700.0%—
Fluopicolide76611314.8%Yearly results
Fluopyram37710.3%—
Fluorodifen20400.0%—
Fluoxastrobin37700.0%—
Flupyradifurone3777118.8%Yearly results
Fluquinconazole20400.0%—
Fluridone76600.0%—
Flusilazole20400.0%—
Fluthiacet methyl37700.0%—
Flutolanil20400.0%—
Flutriafol377338.8%Yearly results
Fluvalinate (as Tau-Fluvalinate)76600.0%—
Fluxapyroxad3774010.6%Yearly results
Folpet68200.0%—
Fomesafen17300.0%—
Fonofos64900.0%—
Fonofos oxygen analog44500.0%—
Forchlorfenuron37700.0%—
Formetanate hydrochloride20400.0%—
Fosthiazate20400.0%—
Furalaxyl20400.0%—
Halosulfuron17300.0%—
Halosulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Heptachlor1,38900.0%—
Heptachlor epoxide1,38900.0%—
Heptenophos20400.0%—
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)1,05000.0%—
Hexaconazole20400.0%—
Hexazinone20400.0%—
Hexythiazox37700.0%—
Hydroprene76600.0%—
Imazalil1,09200.0%—
Imazosulfuron20400.0%—
Imidacloprid766699.0%Yearly results
Imiprothrin76600.0%—
Indaziflam37700.0%—
Indoxacarb708162.3%Yearly results
Ipconazole37700.0%—
Iprobenfos (IBP)20400.0%—
Iprodione1,09130.3%—
Iprodione metabolite isomer5800.0%—
Iprovalicarb20400.0%—
Isocarbophos20400.0%—
Isofenphos20400.0%—
Isofenphos methyl20400.0%—
Isofetamid17300.0%—
Isoprocarb20400.0%—
Isoprothiolane20400.0%—
Isoproturon20400.0%—
Isopyrazam20400.0%—
Isoxadifen ethyl37700.0%—
Kresoxim-methyl37700.0%—
Lactofen20400.0%—
Lambda cyhalothrin S ester7356.8%—
Lambda cyhalothrin total11865.1%—
Leptophos oxygen analog20400.0%—
Lindane (BHC gamma)1,09200.0%—
Linuron715152.1%Yearly results
Malathion1,481151.0%Yearly results
Malathion oxygen analog94410.1%—
Mandipropamid76628637.3%Yearly results
Mecarbam20400.0%—
Mefenpyr diethyl20400.0%—
Mepanipyrim20400.0%—
Mephosfolan20400.0%—
Mesotrione17300.0%—
Metaflumizone20400.0%—
Metalaxyl/Mefenoxam1,11960.5%—
Metconazole20400.0%—
Methacrifos20400.0%—
Methamidophos1,09210.1%—
Methidathion1,03400.0%—
Methiocarb79900.0%—
Methiocarb sulfone20400.0%—
Methiocarb sulfoxide20400.0%—
Methomyl1,481755.1%Yearly results
Methoxychlor olefin7300.0%—
Methoxychlor p,p'10200.0%—
Methoxychlor Total71500.0%—
Methoxyfenozide76616221.1%Yearly results
Metolachlor76691.2%—
Metolcarb20400.0%—
Metrafenone20400.0%—
Metribuzin37700.0%—
Metsulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Mevinphos E37500.0%—
Mevinphos Total1,10600.0%—
Mevinphos Z37520.5%—
MGK-26476600.0%—
Mirex20400.0%—
Molinate20400.0%—
Monocrotophos20400.0%—
Monolinuron20400.0%—
Monuron20400.0%—
Myclobutanil1,48100.0%—
Napropamide37700.0%—
Neburon20400.0%—
Nicosulfuron37700.0%—
Nitrapyrin37700.0%—
Nitrofen20400.0%—
Norflurazon1,03400.0%—
Norflurazon desmethyl1,09200.0%—
Novaluron37700.0%—
o-Phenylphenol71500.0%—
Omethoate1,092514.7%Yearly results
Orthosulfamuron20400.0%—
Oryzalin17300.0%—
Oxadiazon20400.0%—
Oxadixyl20400.0%—
Oxamyl1,09200.0%—
Oxamyl oxime37700.0%—
Oxathiapiprolin204104.9%Yearly results
Oxychlordane38200.0%—
Oxydemeton methyl20400.0%—
Oxydemeton methyl sulfone1,09200.0%—
Oxyfluorfen38210.3%—
Paclobutrazol20400.0%—
Parathion ethyl91910.1%—
Parathion methyl1,09200.0%—
Parathion methyl oxygen analog38200.0%—
Parathion oxygen analog38200.0%—
Penconazole20400.0%—
Pencycuron20400.0%—
Pendimethalin377246.4%Yearly results
Penflufen37700.0%—
Penoxsulam20400.0%—
Pentachloroaniline (PCA)54240.7%—
Pentachlorobenzene (PCB)1,09100.0%—
Pentachlorophenyl methyl sulfide (PCPMS)37710.3%—
Penthiopyrad377328.5%Yearly results
Permethrin cis54036467.4%—
Permethrin Total94135938.2%Yearly results
Permethrin trans54036667.8%—
Phenmedipham562122.1%Yearly results
Phenothrin76600.0%—
Phenthoate27700.0%—
Phorate1,09200.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog38200.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog sulfone55500.0%—
Phorate oxygen analog sulfoxide37700.0%—
Phorate sulfone1,09200.0%—
Phorate sulfoxide89510.1%—
Phosalone91900.0%—
Phosmet1,48100.0%—
Phosmet oxygen analog73600.0%—
Phosphamidon91900.0%—
Phoxim20400.0%—
Picoxystrobin37700.0%—
Pinoxaden20400.0%—
Piperonyl butoxide1,11970.6%—
Pirimicarb27700.0%—
Pirimicarb desmethyl20400.0%—
Pirimiphos ethyl20400.0%—
Pirimiphos methyl55700.0%—
Prallethrin76600.0%—
Pretilachlor20400.0%—
Primisulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Prochloraz20400.0%—
Procymidone37900.0%—
Profenofos70100.0%—
Profluralin20400.0%—
Profoxydim20400.0%—
Promecarb20400.0%—
Prometryn20421.0%—
Pronamide (Propyzamide)1,09200.0%—
Propachlor20400.0%—
Propamocarb204125.9%Yearly results
Propanil20400.0%—
Propaquizafop20400.0%—
Propargite1,09200.0%—
Propazine20400.0%—
Propetamphos76600.0%—
Propham20400.0%—
Propiconazole37720.5%—
Propoxycarbazone20400.0%—
Proquinazid20400.0%—
Prosulfuron37700.0%—
Prothioconazole17300.0%—
Prothiofos20400.0%—
Pymetrozine20431.5%—
Pyraclofos20400.0%—
Pyraclostrobin76611515.0%Yearly results
Pyraflufen ethyl20400.0%—
Pyrazon20400.0%—
Pyrazophos20400.0%—
Pyridaben37700.0%—
Pyridalyl76610.1%—
Pyridaphenthion20400.0%—
Pyridate20400.0%—
Pyrimethanil37700.0%—
Pyriproxyfen76600.0%—
Pyroxasulfone20400.0%—
Pyroxsulam20400.0%—
Quinalphos20400.0%—
Quinoxyfen37792.4%—
Quintozene (PCNB)1,092121.1%Yearly results
Quizalofop ethyl37700.0%—
Resmethrin73500.0%—
Rimsulfuron37700.0%—
Rotenone20400.0%—
Saflufenacil37700.0%—
Sedaxane20400.0%—
Sethoxydim37700.0%—
Siduron20400.0%—
Simazine1,09200.0%—
Spinetoram377266.9%Yearly results
Spinosad502255.0%Yearly results
Spirodiclofen31900.0%—
Spiromesifen73700.0%—
Spiromesifen alcohol20400.0%—
Spirotetramat76630.4%—
Spiroxamine20400.0%—
Sulfallate20400.0%—
Sulfentrazone37700.0%—
Sulfometuron methyl20400.0%—
Sulfosulfuron20400.0%—
Sulfoxaflor37710.3%—
Sulprofos38200.0%—
TCMTB31800.0%—
Tebuconazole37700.0%—
Tebufenozide76630.4%—
Tebufenpyrad20400.0%—
Tebupirimfos20400.0%—
Tebuthiuron20400.0%—
Tecnazene38200.0%—
Teflubenzuron37700.0%—
Tefluthrin76600.0%—
Tepraloxydim37700.0%—
Terbacil91900.0%—
Terbufos1,09200.0%—
Terbufos oxygen analog17300.0%—
Terbufos oxygen analog sulfone37700.0%—
Terbufos oxygen analog sulfoxide17300.0%—
Terbufos sulfone1,09200.0%—
Terbufos sulfoxide37700.0%—
Terbuthylazine20410.5%—
Terbutryn20400.0%—
Tetrachlorvinphos1,09200.0%—
Tetraconazole20400.0%—
Tetradifon91900.0%—
Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI)32400.0%—
Tetramethrin76600.0%—
Thiabendazole1,09200.0%—
Thiacloprid20400.0%—
Thiamethoxam76620.3%—
Thiazopyr37700.0%—
Thidiazuron20400.0%—
Thiencarbazone methyl20400.0%—
Thifensulfuron methyl20400.0%—
Thiobencarb20400.0%—
Thiodicarb59300.0%—
Thionazin20400.0%—
Thiophanate methyl17300.0%—
Tolclofos methyl20400.0%—
Tolfenpyrad37700.0%—
Topramezone17300.0%—
Tri Allate37720.5%—
Triadimefon91920.2%—
Triadimenol20400.0%—
Triasulfuron20400.0%—
Triazophos20400.0%—
Tribenuron methyl20400.0%—
Trichlorfon37700.0%—
Trichloronate20400.0%—
Tricyclazole20400.0%—
Trifloxystrobin37700.0%—
Trifloxysulfuron37700.0%—
Triflumezopyrim20400.0%—
Triflumizole37700.0%—
Trifluralin1,092262.4%Yearly results
Triticonazole37700.0%—
Uniconazole20400.0%—
Vernolate20400.0%—
Vinclozolin89200.0%—
Zoxamide37700.0%—
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About these results

Source: USDA Pesticide Data Program. Included annual releases: 1999, 2010, 2011, 2018, 2019.

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